The Prevalence Of Hiv During The United States - 891 Words

Introduction The prevalence of HIV in prison populations has been a growing concern as the number of infected prisoners is nearly double that of the general adult population. HIV in prison settings is a serious issue not only in the U.S but worldwide due to the commonality of high risk-behaviors among all prison populations such as rape, drug use and needle sharing, tattooing and unsafe sex practices. This makes prisons a breeding ground for the onward transmission of HIV due to the over crowdedness, combined with the atmosphere of violence and fear. The release from such tensions are typically found in these high-risk behaviors, especially drug use and unsafe sex, the two most common transmissions of HIV. Although many correctional institutions have some form of HIV testing in place, their policies and procedures widely vary. Mandatory testing specifically in prisons is a mandated test performed with or without consent during the admission process (Gagnon, 2013). Support for Mandatory HIV Testing As imprisonment rates continue to rise, optimists for mandatory testing have expressed that correctional facilities serve as an important location in targeting treatment and prevention based initiatives (Milloy, 2014). Mandatory HIV testing is perceived as an aggressive form of testing because it implies that all inmates are at equal risk of HIV, and testing will be performed regardless of consent. However, it provides a front door barrier to HIV before inmates ever enterShow MoreRelatedComparing Two Studies On Estimated Hiv Incidence And Prevalence1456 Words   |  6 PagesStudies on estimated HIV Incidence and Prevalence Introduction In the era of HIV global pandemic, estimating incidence and prevalence correctly is critical, as it becomes a strong tool for authorities to decide next action, to mitigate infection rate and its multiple consequences to society. 2 studies investigated HIV estimated incidence from different approaches. Prejean et al studied the incidence estimates in the United States, by using a four-year data obtained from HIV incidence surveillanceRead MoreEffects Of Reduction Of HIV1296 Words   |  6 PagesReduction of HIV through PrEP on African American MSM Introduction Sexual Transmitted Infections’ (STI) are a significant health problem worldwide despite being neglected from the stigma and taboo associated with it. There are over 25 diseases that can be transmitted through sexual activity. Many STIs are unnoticeable as a result of the symptoms being asymptomatic and the stigma that is attached to getting an STI would discourage an individual from getting treatment. These infections could leadRead MoreHiv And The United States Essay1288 Words   |  6 PagesAccording to recent statistics from the Centers for Disease Control, approximately 1.2 million individuals in the United States have HIV (about 14 percent of which are unaware of their infection and another 1.1 million have progressed to AIDS. Over the past decade, the number of HIV cases in the US has increased, however, the annual number of cases remains stable at about 50, 000 new cases per year. Within these estimates, certain groups tend to carry the burden of these disease, parti cularly theRead MoreWhy Is Hiv Disease A Pandemic?1061 Words   |  5 PagesWhy must you always spell HIV and AIDS in capital letters? You must always spell HIV and AIDS in capital letters because they are acronyms. *slide 3 Why is HIV disease a pandemic? HIV disease is a pandemic because it crosses all borders, cultures, races, etc. Also, it occurs over a wide geographic area. *slide 4 In HIV-1 s family tree, how many groups are there? Name them. What group was added in slide 8? [4pts] What appears to be the favorite chimpanzee monkey food? [2pts] What is it aboutRead MoreCorrelation Between Hiv And The Prevalence Of Hiv1102 Words   |  5 Pagescircumcision with the prevalence of HIV in men who have sex with men (MSM). The cross-sectional study sampled 387 Indian men from six drop-in health centers, who were between the ages of 18-49. Men were selected from the drop-in centers, interviewed, given written informed consent and were then tested for HIV. Of the men tested for HIV, 18.6% were positive. Interviews were completed in order to get information about risk factors that could be associated with the prevalence of HIV in this populationRead MoreHiv And The Prevalence Of Hiv Essay1092 Words   |  5 Pages HIV In Adolescents Shavon Q Frasier Delaware Technical and Community College Abstract According to the CDC, In the United States the prevalence of HIV in adolescents from age 13-24 is estimated to account for 22% of all new cases (cdc.gov 2016). Of those cases, the most new cases occurred among gay and bisexual males. Furthermore young African American and Latino gay and bisexual males have been affected in higher numbers than any other group. Addressing HIV in our youth entailsRead MoreHpv Associated Anal And Oral Cancers1465 Words   |  6 Pagescancers are increasing. The reason is still unclear although sexual behavior changes in the general population are postulated as one of the factors. The incidence is drastically higher in specific risk groups, such as men who have sex with men, and HIV-1 infected individuals. Interestingly, anal cancer is predominant in women while a higher incidence of oral cancer is found in men. This review gives a brief summary of epidemic, risk factors, mechanisms, diagnosis, and treatment of these two HPV-associatedRead MoreHuman I mmunodeficiency Virus And Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome Essay1691 Words   |  7 Pagesconjunction with how it can be transmitted, so basically if it is highly contagious and most importantly, if any cure has been established for it. Human Immunodeficiency Virus and Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome(HIV/AIDS) is one of the most difficult epidemics to control. This is because, the HIV virus attacks the very cells designed to control and as such, can avoid exposure to treatments which is the major reason why a cure for it hasn’t been found. Owing to the lack of their knowledge of the severityRead MoreTypes And Types Of Hpv Vaccine1330 Words   |  6 Pagesfemales to males than from males to females (2). The incidence of anal and oral cancers related to HPV is increasing in the general population and is growing even faster among individuals who are immunocompromised because of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection (3, 4). Two prophylactic vaccines (Gardasil and Cervarix) have been approved for a decade. Recently, the nonavalent vaccine including additional high-risk HPV types is promised to provide more coverage against cervical cancers (5). The HPVRead MoreSex Abuse And Substance Abuse917 Words   |  4 Pages1.0 Background World Prison Population List published that about 11 million people were held as detention, remand and sentenced prisoner in 2011; United States had the highest prisoner population rate worldwide with 743 per 100,000 of the national population (Walmsley, 2011). Majority of prisoners from poor minority communities are experienced chronic diseases, drug abuse and mental illness. In U.S., 65% prisoners achieved the medical criteria for substance abuse and addiction (Columbia Univ., New

Reflection Nursing and Mentors Essay - 3273 Words

Nursing Practice Review Mentoring Keywords: Mentoring/Continuing professional development/Portfolio ââ€" This article has been double-blind peer reviewed CPD for mentors: creating a portfolio Mentors can use a portfolio of evidence to show continuing professional development In this article... Why mentors need a CPD portfolio How to create a portfolio of evidence Using a SWOT analysis to identify strengths and weaknesses Author Louise Lawson is senior lecturer, School of Nursing, Midwifery and Social Work, University of Hertfordshire. Abstract Lawson L (2011) CPD for mentors: creating a portfolio. Nursing Times; 107: 21, 15-18. It is a mandatory requirement for mentors to support and assess all pre-registration†¦show more content†¦A Nursing Times survey identified that, while mentors are aware of the value of mentoring students (Gainsbury, 2010), they are challenged as to how to commit fully to the role within the constant demands of their core job. They identified that work demands had a significant impact on their ability to engage in mentor activities, such as mentoring students and attending updates and relevant courses. Mentors have also expressed concerns about accountability and supporting failing students (Duffy and Hardicre, 2007). Mentorship preparation and the ongoing development of nurse mentors www.nursingtimes.net / Vol 107 No 21 / Nursing Times 31.05.11 15 Nursing Practice Review 5 key points 1 Nurses and midwives have a responsibility to continually develop themselves for professional growth Mentors play a pivotal role in protecting the public by ensuring students are fit for purpose and practice 2 3 It is mandatory for mentors to support and assess pre-registration students in practice Clinical placements are a vital part of education because they help students to translate theory into practice Supporting mentors in formulating a mentor portfolio builds confidence and skills 4 5 Report digital need support in both clinical practice and academic settings. Andrews and ChiltonShow MoreRelatedNursing Mentor Reflection Paper1714 Words   |  7 Pagesthis assignment is to critically evaluate and analyse the role of a mentor which took place as a part of virtual student placement within a hospital setting. Mentor is someone who is a registered nurse and who can assess and help the students with their learning process in a practical area, Nursing and Midwifery Council (NMC, 2006). According to Bulman and Schutz (2013), reflection is an important part of the development of nursing skills and knowledge. In this essay I am using Chris as a virtual studentRead MoreReflective Practice : An Essential Attribute For The Development Of Autonomous, Critical And Advanced Practitioners1627 Words   |  7 PagesReflection is an essential attribute for the development of autonomous, critical and advanced practitioners. It is the ability to examine one’s actions and experiences in order to enhance individual clinical knowledge and nursing practice. Reflection is a professional motivator to â€Å"move on and do better with one’s practice†, with the common goal of learning from one’s experiences and examining oneself (Caldwell Grobbel, 2013). According to Chong (2009), â€Å"reflective practice should be a continuousRead MoreThe Theory And Practices Of Reflection1254 Words   |  6 Pages Critical reflection is the active, organised cognitive process used to carefully examine ones thinking and the thinking of others. It draws upon skills used in other ways of thinking, but is viewed as a broader concept that’s differentiated by its holistic, purposeful, reflective and goal orientated nature. Critical thinking is central to quality nursing practice. It is therefore important that nurses purposefully use and develop their critical thinking ability in order to deliver safe and effectiveRead MoreA Reflection On Learning Theories And Assessment Strategies1616 Words   |  7 PagesIn Nursing, to provide and maintain high quality care to our population, nurses are required to have a continuous development of knowledge and skills based on evolving knowledge based practice. Great part of this learning can be developed in clinical practice, under supervision, from a person with sufficient skills to facilitate learning. Therefore, as part of pre-registration nursing stud ents development process, the Nursing and Midwifery Council (NMC) (2008a) declares the requirement of a mentorRead MoreAcademic And Clinical Aspects Of The Curriculum846 Words   |  4 Pagesdifference between nursing theory and practice (Johns, 2009; Stuart, 2013). Reflection helps the student to observe, understand, learn and make sense of their daily experiences and also play a major role in student learning process (John, 2009). Schon (1992) stated that to succeed, the knowledge and skills from previous course work and clinical experiences must be built on by the student. Furthermore Plack et,al. (2008), affirm that to facilitate the process of reflection, the mentor is often requiredRead MoreClinical Practice Reflection1592 Words   |  7 Pageshave never worked or placed in an acute ward and this was my second placement. Before starting my placement, I visited the ward and was inducted around the ward. This gave me a bit of confidence and reassurance about working in an acut e ward. Reflection is a process of learning from ones experience (Spalding, 1998). The objective of my experience is to show the positive effect of using therapeutic communication skills with patients. Therapeutic communication can be described as a face to face techniqueRead MoreEssay on Critical Incident1728 Words   |  7 Pagesguide the author undertake this reflection, Johns (2002) reflective model will be utilised. As the first stage of Johns reflective model asks for the description of the event, the descriptive part will be attached (see appendix A). In accordance with the NMC Code of Professional Conduct (2008) the names of the individual involved have been changed using pseudonym in the form of James, Jennifer and Christina for the purpose of maintaining confidentiality. This reflection has been chosen as it has shownRead MoreMy Nursing Philosophy : My Philosophy Of Nursing Practice1074 Words   |  5 PagesNursing philosophy My philosophy of nursing practice is being kind to others. I use my knowledge and skills to help people. I also respect patients’ preferences, values and choices even though they differ from mine. I will try to understand and show empathy to my patients through seeing them beyond their illness and provide holistic and culturally sensitive care. Nursing is not just a job that looks after the sickness, rather, it is about the humanity, about being a human for another human. As aRead MorePersonal Reflection756 Words   |  4 PagesPersonal reflections are characterized as learning through experience in gaining new insights and changed perception of self and practices. Reflection can be a difficult experience without the support and guidance of an expert (Johns, 2004). This personal reflection presents an exciting opportunity for me to consider how successful my placement in the intermediate care has been in terms of my own personal learning. By reflecting on the positive aspects of the placement, I will be able to make senseRead MoreReflection Essay1616 Words   |  7 Pagesa good nursing documentation is an integral part of nursing. It will also demonstrate how reflection enabled me to make sense of and learn from this experience, as well as identify any further learning developments needed to improve my practice and achieve the level of competency needed for when I qualify as an assistant practitioner. While discussing the knowledge underpinning practice, evidence based literature will be reviewed to support my discussion and for the purpose of reflection the essay

Oedipus Rex And Oedipus At Colonus Essay Example For Students

Oedipus Rex And Oedipus At Colonus Essay Sophocles wrote both Oedipus the King, also known as Oedipus Rex, and Oedipus at Colonus. Although Oedipusat Colonus is looked at to be a continuation of Oedipus the King, the two do differ when dealing with the character himself, Oedipus. Thequestion though being is, did Oedipus acheive redemption by the end of the play?In Oedipus the King, Oedipus had fallen by the end of the play. His life had made a complete 360 after the truth was revealed about the murderof the King and his true father. However, in the continuation of the play, in Oedipus at Colonus, Oedipus begins to make a turn for the better. It was quoted that in the second play the central theme is thetransformation of Oedipus into a hero. In Oedipus at Colonus, Oedipus struggled to acheive death and transformation in accordance withhis oracle. This was seen for the most part in the middle of the play. Sophocles made his second edition of this play very dramatic. The play begins inmisery. This misery helped teach Oedipus resignation.. asking little,receiving less than little, and content with that. Oedpus, a suppliant, isin need of a savior, of which that being Theseus, to help save him from thepursued by his enemy ( Creon ). However, the central paradox of this playis that the suppliant is destined to be the savior. This was seen mostclearly when dealing with the conflicts that took place within this play. Therewas a plea scene in which Oedipus ( suppliant ) commends himself to Theseus (his savior ); an agon between Oedipus and Creon ( enemy ) ending in violence andan agon between Creon and Theseus, ending in Creons expulsion and a battlesequence, ending in the salvation of Oedipus. All the misery and helplessnessthat typify a suppliants condition are present in the character Oedipus, but asthe drama begins to unfold slowly, it quickly becomes apparent that he will notbe confine d to just that role. Oedipus true redemption is seen however whendealing with his stronger faith in his religion seen in the second play. Oedipushad heard that the land on which he trespassed upon was sacred to the all-seeing Eumenides. So, in hearing this to be true, Oedipus standsthere calmly with the wishes that the goddesses receive him as their suppliantand he states for never would I go away from this refuge. Oedipusproves to others that he is no longer the helpless beggar that was seen in thebeginning of Oedipus at Colonus. When stranger asked him and what help can there be from a blind man?, Oedipus replied, what I say will be full of sight. With this response, the stranger, alongwith many others, were quite impressed. After the stranger left, Oedipus onceagain began to pray to the Eumenides. He made a promise to them that his lifewould end at the seat of the Dread Goddesses, bringing benefits to those whoreceived him and ruin to those from whom drove him to exile. By the end of theplay, Oedipus disappears mysteriously, without pain and suffering. Most agreethat this was the best way for life to end. It was quite obvious that Oedipusdid reach redemption in Oedipus at Colonus. However, it was statedthat Sophocles does not bring Oedipus to Colonus to die and be veneratedas a hero, but to become a hero before our eyes.

Poorly Done Childhood Experiences Sample Essay

As a young boy, my father often took me to Wrigley Field. I was so intrigued by the sounds of the crowd mixed with the scent of hot dogs and peanuts in the air. The ivy clinging to the outfield walls contained memories of past seasons and the Cubs losing tradition. As I analyze my attachment to this venerated shrine to baseball, I realize that my summer days working there helped me to mature, and taught me some sobering lessons. Other summer days relaxing in the bleachers suited my personality well.In April of 1994, I began my summer job with the opening of the baseball season. During weekend games, I pushed a dessert cart from skybox to skybox, with the assignment to sell as many desserts as possible. It was fortunate that the success of the enterprise did not depend on my sales. Being somewhat shy with strangers, at first I had difficulty looking my customers in the eye. I stared down at the ground and mumbled the dessert choices. I am sure there was a universal feeling among the s kybox guests that they were going deaf, as they always asked me to speak louder. The other employee assigned to the dessert cart always seemed to have more tips at the end of the day. That was when my sense of competition and pride took over. First I risked looking up; then I stopped mumbling; then I spoke louder; and to my surprise, I even started to have a confident personality with strangers. I was growing up, and I was proud of myself.People all over the United States will remember the summer of 1994 as the summer of the baseball strike. I will remember it as the summer I got laid off. I had always wanted to work at Wrigley Field, and was so proud of my new success. I was one happy fifteen-year old. By August, I had half my earnings saved for a new Kurzweil keyboard.The tension was mounting as the playoffs and World Series approached. Another tension was also accelerating between the owners and the players, but I did not take it seriously. Then it happened. Suddenly, the scent o f hot dogs was gone, and there was no one to see the ivy in full bloom. The players and owners had forgotten the perfection and beauty of the game. It was shocking to realize that my heroes caused me to lose my job; the millions of dollars they were making were not enough. I could not believe that my dream of a new keyboard was gone. This suddenly seemed insignificant when Javier, one of my co-workers, expressed his anxiety about feeding his family of five. I wondered how many other families would seriously suffer financially when their paychecks stopped arriving. The word strike in baseball now had a sobering new meaning.My days as a fan in the bleachers reflect a completely different part of me. During my high school years, it has become a summertime hobby to attend as many games as possible. My reason for attending is never just to watch the game, for I find Wrigley Field to be a great place for reflection. I always sit in the bleachers, where the fans share my enthusiasm for the experience. Our emotions rise and fall together during the course of the game. On a perfect day, I sit shirtless in the warm sun, observing, reflecting and treasuring. My view is of home plate and the elegant architecture of downtown Chicago out of the corner of my eye. Being an optimist, I continue to have hope that one day the Cubs will win the World Series for the first time since 1908. But even if they never do, I will always feel part of a larger tradition and a coming of age.CommentsThis applicants trouble is that he is too explicit, giving away the point of the essay toward the end of the introduction: As I analyze my attachment to this venerated shrine to baseball, I realize that my summer days working there helped me to mature, and taught me some sobering lessons. Although this is valid, it is a generic message stated through clichà ©d language. Instead of starting with an engaging anecdote, he resorts to trite rhetoric. He would have been better off starting the piece wi th the second paragraph. Such introductions cause admissions officers to begin to skim—not a trait of a successful application essay.In Paragraphs 3 and 4, the writer resorts to generalization, ascending the proverbial soapbox and getting off the topic—himself. The writing takes on an almost stream-of-consciousness quality, resulting in a conclusion that makes no salient point. Though this is a good baseball essay, it was supposed to be about the applicant and revolve around a specific thesis.

Cosmetic surgery Essay Example

Cosmetic surgery Essay Example Cosmetic surgery Paper Cosmetic surgery Paper   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   When the topic is plastic surgery, one thing comes to mind: Hollywood. Plastic surgery is being used for purely aesthetics purposes. Hollywood stars undergo cosmetic operations to enhance and beautify themselves. Wilson (2001) asserts that in Hollywood, the stars’ appearance means everything. This is why stars are lining up to undergo the operations.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   However, not all plastic surgery is for the rich and the famous; many are a medical necessity in order to function on a day to day basis. Many birth defects can now be corrected using plastic surgery. Congenital deformities can be psychologically and physically taxing. Reconstructive surgery gives hope to people who undergo this trauma. (Kita nd) Accidents and war wounds may also require plastic surgery. Their goal for undergoing the operation is to try to live normal lives again. A person had car accident and lost a leg can make use of an artificial limb so that he can be able to walk again through therapy. A soldier whose face has been burned in the war can undergo plastic surgery to avoid fear or embarrassment of facing other people. Rhinoplasty is also commonly called a nose job. 3 The real start of cosmetic surgery began in the 20th century. Obviously, technology is the shoulder of this. The main purpose of this surgery was to repair the faces of the victims of the World War I. The end of WWI and the high number of shattered faces that were rebuilt by new constructive surgical procedures was put in the press as a way to restore hope amongst soldiers. Surgeons began to realize the capabilities of the reconstructive procedures and began to realize the possibilities. The history of cosmetic surgery has changed a great deal from altering birth deformities to shifting ideas of beauty based on the times. Once described as a mainly Caucasian surgery reserved for just the rich and famous, the history of cosmetic surgery did not allow the average person to benefit from the procedures that could reshape societys elite. In the history of cosmetic surgery, there was also more of a stigma in speaking openly about any cosmetic work performed. There was also a more mainstreamed idea of beauty in the early history of cosmetic history, with people seeking procedures to a more conformed idea of beauty. 4 Today, cosmetic surgery has shifted from the early history of cosmetic surgery views. Over time, there have been many additional procedures developed, better techniques formed, a wider range of patients, and a higher acceptance and openness than the early history of cosmetic surgery. The idea of beauty has become more diversified, with a greater acceptance for unique and ethnic features and has become a more open forum to discuss than early history of cosmetic surgery. The shift in views from early history of cosmetic surgery to now has been attributed to many things. The focus on health and fitness has led to a natural progression of wanting to look as good as you feel, and there are more media outlets than in the history of cosmetic surgery. More information and more people are speaking about their cosmetic surgery, which in the history of cosmetic surgery was not done. People today, unlike in the history of cosmetic surgery, are not ashamed that they have gotten surgical work performed on areas there were previously not completely satisfied with. In 2002 alone, there were close to 6. 9 million cosmetic surgery procedures performed, a vast increase of 228% from 1997 which is not a long history of cosmetic surgery but merely five years. When looking at how far the history of cosmetic surgery has extended many people believe the recent increase, awareness, and acceptance has been in part to the limitless amount of information people can access through the Internet. What the history of cosmetic surgery has taught is that becoming as educated and aware of all aspects of aesthetic procedures and better ensure a safe and satisfying surgical experience. The history of cosmetic surgery is destined to continue to change. With the growing acceptance and openness of cosmetic surgery, it is also essential to remember the history of cosmetic surgery and not lose sight of how it should be used. While cosmetic surgery is an immensely positive experience for many people, studies and history of cosmetic surgery shows that it can be a negative tool if used incorrectly. Patients should have realistic and informed expectations about cosmetic surgery and understand that over time the history of cosmetic surgery has changed to accept beauty in all types of ethnic and unique ways. 5 Right now, there are different types of cosmetic surgeries. One of the most mainstream clinics which offer the said procedures is the Belo Medical Group headed by Dr. Victoria G. Belo. Here are some services offered: 1. Blepharoplasty: Laser Eyebag Removal/Eyelift 2. Breast Augmentation/Breast Lift 3. Face Lift 4. Hair Transplant 5. Hydrogel Butt Augmentation 6. Laser Assisted Tumescent Liposuction 7. Lipectomy: Tummy Tuck 8. Rhinoplasty: Noselift/Alar Trimming 9. Stem Cell Auto Grafting (SCAG)6 If we look at the modern Filipinos today of age above 25, we could see that most want to achieve that beauty.

10 Facts About the Geography of Reykjavik, Iceland

10 Facts About the Geography of Reykjavik, Iceland Reykjavik is the capital city of Iceland. It is also the largest city in that country and with its latitude of 64Ëš08N, it is the worlds northernmost capital city for an independent nation. Reykjavik has a population of 120,165 people (2008 estimate) and its metropolitan area or the Greater Reykjavik area has a population of 201,847 people. It is the only metropolitan area in Iceland. Reykjavik is known as being Icelands commercial, governmental and cultural center. It is also known as being the worlds Greenest City for its use of hydro and geothermal power. What to Know About Iceland The following is a list of ten more facts to know about Reykjavik, Iceland: 1) Reykjavik is believed to have been the first permanent settlement in Iceland. It was established in 870 C.E. by Ingà ³lfr Arnarson. The original name of the settlement was Reykjarvik which loosely translated to the Bay of Smokes due to the regions hot springs. The additional r in the citys name was gone by 1300. 2) In the 19th century Icelanders began to push for independence from Denmark and because Reykjavik was the regions only city, it became the center of these ideas. In 1874 Iceland was given its first constitution, which gave it some legislative power. In 1904, executive power was given to Iceland and Reykjavik became the location of the minister for Iceland. 3) During the 1920s and 1930s, Reykjavik became the center of Icelands fishing industry, especially that of salt-cod. During World War II, the allies occupied the city, despite the German occupation of Denmark in April 1940. Throughout the war, both American and British soldiers built bases in Reykjavik. In 1944 the Republic of Iceland was founded and Reykjavik was named as its capital. 4) Following WWII and Icelands independence, Reykjavik began to grow considerably. People began to move to the city from Icelands rural areas as jobs increased in the city and agriculture became less important to the country. Today, finance and information technology are important sectors of Reykjaviks employment. 5) Reykjavik is the economic center of Iceland and Borgartà ºn is the financial center of the city. There are over 20 major companies in the city and there are three international firms with headquarters there. As a result of its economic growth, Reykjaviks construction sector is also growing. 6) Reykjavik is considered a multicultural city and in 2009, foreign-born peoples made up 8% of the citys population. The most common groups of ethnic minorities are Poles, Filipinos, and Danes. 7) The city of Reykjavik is located in southwest Iceland at only two degrees south of the Arctic Circle. As a result, the city gets only four hours of sunlight on its shortest day in the winter and during the summer it receives almost 24 hours of daylight. 8) Reykjavik is located on Icelands coast so the citys topography consists of peninsulas and coves. It also has some islands that were once connected to the mainland during the last ice age about 10,000 years ago. The city is spread out over a large distance with an area of 106 square miles (274 sq km) and as a result, it has a low population density. 9) Reykjavik, like most of Iceland, is geologically active and earthquakes are not uncommon in the city. In addition, there is volcanic activity nearby as well as hot springs. The city is also powered by hydro and geothermal energy. 10) Although Reykjavik is located near the Arctic Circle it has a much milder climate than other cities at the same latitude due to its coastal location and the nearby presence of the Gulf Stream. Summers in Reykjavik are cool while winters are cold. The average January low temperature is 26.6ËšF (-3ËšC) while the average July high temperature is 56ËšF (13ËšC) and it receives about 31.5 inches (798 mm) of precipitation per year. Because of its coastal location, Reykjavik is also usually very windy year round. Sources:Wikipedia.com. Reykjavik - Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia. Retrieved from: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reykjav%C3%ADk

Marketing Strategy of Tesco Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Marketing Strategy of Tesco - Case Study Example From its humble beginnings, Tesco Plc has gained the reputation of being the largest British retailer in terms of global and local shares. It is estimated that in every 8 UK retail sales, 1 is spent on Tesco (Tesco Plc 2007). Recognizing the growth opportunities in the virtual marketplace, the giant retailer has decided to establish online presence during 1994. Three years after, Tesco has started an online shopping which it named Tesco Direct (Tesco Plc 2007). Since then, Tesco has started offering grocery and food items in its virtual store, Tesco.com. On August 2006, the company announced the offering of non-food items in its online store under the name Tesco Direct. This marketing strategy has proved to be very efficient and profitable for the retailing giant. During the fiscal year 2006, the company announced a total annual turnover of 33.974 billion and reported a pre-tax profit of 1.962 billion. Out of this, 1.2 billion is shared by Tesco.com in terms of total revenue and 83 million in terms of profit. Even though the share of Tesco.com is meagre compared to total turnover and profit generated by Tesco Plc, its growth has been remarkable. The fiscal year 2006 reports online sales double-digit growth of 29.2% while profits soar by 49.5% (Tesco Plc Annual Report 2006). Compared to its rivals in the UK retail industry, Tesco.com captures a higher market share at 65%. Walmart-owned Asda chain lags behind with 16% while Sainsbury corners 14% (Best 2006). Its success has also been documented as it has been named the only retailer which has been able to make online shopping profitable (Walker 2006). On Crossroads: Evaluating Local and Global Opportunities The recent trends and developments in the global market stress the huge emerging opportunities in online retailing. In the UK alone, there has been a sharp rise in the number of people who are "cash rich but time poor" which triggers the higher demand for online shopping (Muncaster 2006). According to the National Statistics Office, the online market is still in the growth stage as only about 20% of adults in UK source food products from the internet (Best 2006). This improvement heats up competition in the local market as industry players battles for market share by launching aggressive strategies and enhancing the overall customer shopping experience. As a global player, Tesco Plc also eyes geographical expansion of its online shopping service by the identification of the profitable markets. In the global economy, it should be noted that internet usage has skyrocketed by 208.7% during the interval of 2000 to 2007 (Internet Usage Statistics 20007). Growth has been very significant in the highly developing Asian and Latin American countries including China, India, and Brazil. It is expected that the wide acceptance and popularity of the internet technologies in this country together with the sharp increase in disposable incomes in these regions will attract global retailers. Faced with these opportunities and challenges in the local and global market, Tesco Plc chooses the strategic direction